![]() The previous five decades have researched this phenomenon of self-presentation, however, sport psychology research only dates back to the 1980s (e.g., Baumeister & Steinhilber, 1984). Impression construction, factors that help the individual decide on the specifics of the image they would like to portray.Impression Efficacy, the subjective probability of making the desired impression.Impression Motivation, the driving force behind managing one’s impressions.Impression Monitoring, the level to which one is aware of the need or opportunity to self-present.Actually, the antecedent cognitions of actions, gestures, and speech (the physical manifestations) are the result of a goal-directed act (self-presentation).įour key phases are often carried out when an individual strives to attain their self-presentational outcomes (Leary, 1995 Leary & Kowalski, 1990). Impression management is often used interchangeably with self-presentation however, this is inaccurate due to the former being a complex process consisting of numerous phases. Therefore, athletes need to be aware that one’s ‘product’ is versatile (physical, technical, mental, tactical, lifestyle) and to market it appropriately. On occasions, particularly in sport, the impression formed by influential individuals (e.g., coaches) is largely consisted of a person’s psychological ‘makeup’. Essentially, we market ourselves in order to influence others in exchange for desirable rewards (Schlenker, 2006). This outlines the ‘self’ as a corporation of sorts, which explains why people often only select certain aspects of themselves to appease a particular audience. Schlenker & Leary (1982) refer to self-presentation as ‘…a goal-directed act designed, or at least in part, to generate particular images of self, and thereby influence how audiences perceive and treat the actor’. This statement is often used in tandem with ‘self-presentation’, which refers to individuals who are motivated to manage their public impressions. Impression management is defined as the process of attempting to control how people perceive, evaluate, and react to information about an entity or person (Schneider, 1981). For example, businesses create a tempting impression of their services in an attempt to entice people to use them. Managing an impression of yourself is one thing, but it is also possible to manage the impression, or public image, of many things. ![]() We all (or at least most) try to impress others – whether that is demonstrating positivity, attempting humour, or simply laughing at other people’s jokes so that they like you, it happens. Let’s be honest, everyone tries to impress other people on a daily basis. Impression Management Written by Mark Keep
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